Expected Value by Product

ProductPriceMean EVMedian EVROI Std DevP5P25P75P95P99Simulated
Pack $6.88 $7.00 $2.74 +1.7% $41.43 $1.56 $1.86 $4.27 $21.45 $62.61 1,008,000
Box $171.35 $167.96 $127.41 -2.0% $194.79 $77.88 $99.9 $168.06 $384.36 $784.72 42,000
Case $1118.84 $1007.76 $862.98 -9.9% $480.40 $648.16 $752.49 $1089.79 $1782.16 $3550.77 7,000

Mean EV is skewed upward by ultra-rare chase cards; the median tells you what a typical rip returns. Percentiles show the spread: P5 is a bad rip, P95 is a great one.

Hit Odds (per Booster Box)

RarityExpected / PackExpected / BoxExpected / CaseP(≥1 per box)
R 2.6062 62.55 375.30 100.0%
Epic 0.2802 6.73 40.35 100.0%
Overnumber 0.0140 0.34 2.01 33.5%
Alt-Art Rune 0.0313 0.75 4.51 75.2%
Ultimate Rare 0.0000 0.00 0.00 0.0%
Signature Overnumber 0.0014 0.03 0.19 3.2%
Alt-Art Champion 0.0669 1.61 9.63 100.0%

Active Pull-Rate Model

RarityFinishRate / PackOddsSources
C normal 7.0000 7.00 per pack Riot official pack anatomy (14 cards: 7C / 3UC / 2 foil R+ / 1 rare / 1 token)
UC normal 3.0000 3.00 per pack Riot official pack anatomy (14 cards: 7C / 3UC / 2 foil R+ / 1 rare / 1 token)
Epic foil 0.2500 1 : 4 packs Launch-window community calibration (site engine v1 rates); Spiritforged pull rates — 72-pack community aggregation (TCGOdds)
Rune foil 0.1000 1 : 10 packs Launch-window community calibration (site engine v1 rates)
Alt-Art Champion any 0.0670 1 : 15 packs Launch-window community calibration (site engine v1 rates); Spiritforged pull rates — 72-pack community aggregation (TCGOdds)
Alt-Art Rune any 0.0313 1 : 32 packs Launch-window community calibration (site engine v1 rates)
Overnumber any 0.0146 1 : 69 packs Launch-window community calibration (site engine v1 rates); Spiritforged pull rates — 72-pack community aggregation (TCGOdds)
Signature Overnumber any 0.0014 1 : 727 packs Launch-window community calibration (site engine v1 rates)

Validation Report

Latest run: PASSED • 33 metrics checked against research data • 0 outside tolerance • 10,000 boxes, 1,000 cases, 100,008 packs

MetricObservedSimulatedDeltaToleranceResult
C (normal) per pack 7 7 +0% ±10% PASS
UC (normal) per pack 3 3 +0% ±10% PASS
ALT_ART_CHAMPION (any) per pack 0.066667 0.066745 +0.12% ±60.00000000000001% PASS
ALT_ART_RUNE (any) per pack 0.03125 0.031737 +1.56% ±60.00000000000001% PASS
EPIC (foil) per pack 0.25 0.279698 +11.88% ±60.00000000000001% PASS
OVERNUMBER (any) per pack 0.0125 0.013709 +9.67% ±60.00000000000001% PASS
RUNE (foil) per pack 0.1 0.098222 -1.78% ±60.00000000000001% PASS
SIG_OVERNUMBER (any) per pack 0.001375 0.00131 -4.73% ±60.00000000000001% PASS
ALT_ART_CHAMPION (any) per pack 0.069444 0.066745 -3.89% ±89.44271909999159% PASS
EPIC (foil) per pack 0.25 0.279698 +11.88% ±75% PASS
OVERNUMBER (any) per pack 0.027778 0.013709 -50.65% ±141.42135623730948% PASS

Research Sources

SourceTypeSampleConfidenceData Points
Riot official pack anatomy (14 cards: 7C / 3UC / 2 foil R+ / 1 rare / 1 token) — Riot Games official 100% 2
Launch-window community calibration (site engine v1 rates) — Cards EV Lab research community aggregate 60% 6
Spiritforged pull rates — 72-pack community aggregation (TCGOdds) — TCGOdds community aggregate 72 packs / 3 boxes 50% 3

Pull rates are never hardcoded: every observation is stored with its source and confidence, merged into a weighted model, then verified by simulating 100,000+ packs and comparing the results back against the research data.

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